Was Hoteliers jetzt wissen müssen – Musterschreiben zum Download
Booking.com überraschte seine Vertragspartner Ende letzter Woche mit einer Mitteilung über die kurzfristige Änderung der AGB des Buchungsportals. Die Änderung soll die kürzlich ergangenen Vereinbarungen mit den französischen, italienischen und schwedischen Wettbewerbsbehörden würdigen und nun europaweit umsetzen. Doch die Ratenparität für die hoteleigene Webseite bleibt. Wie sollten Hoteliers nun reagieren?
Mit einer überraschenden E-Mail gab Booking.com seinen Vertragspartnern letzte Woche eine Änderung der Allgemeinen Geschäftsbedingungen bekannt. Die neuen Vertragsbedingungen bezwecken angeblich eine Umsetzung der Vereinbarungen zwischen der Booking.com B.V. und diversen europäischen Wettbewerbsbehörden, von denen die Unterkunftspartner nach Auffassung von Booking.com nun europaweit profitieren sollen. Hierbei wird die kartellrechtswidrige Ratenparität allerdings nicht abgeschafft, sondern lediglich modifiziert. Sie gilt nunmehr ausschließlich für die eigenen direkten Online-Vertriebskanäle und Verfügbarkeiten.
Diese Form der Meistbegünstigung, die Booking.com von seinen Vertragspartnern im Hinblick auf die hoteleigenen Webseiten verlangt, bezweckt und bewirkt eine Beeinträchtigung des Wettbewerbs beim Absatz von Hotelbuchungen und ist nach deutschem und europäischem Kartellrecht verboten. Zudem beschränkt die Ratenparitätsklausel die Preisgestaltungsfreiheit der Hotels weiterhin massiv.
Die neuen Bedingungen treten entsprechend der Ankündigung von Booking.com am 1. Juli automatisch in Kraft, sofern der Vertragspartner den AGB-Änderungen nicht ausdrücklich widerspricht. Sollten Hoteliers bis morgen also nichts unternommen haben, gelten nach Aussage von Booking.com die neuen AGB als akzeptiert. Ob dies aufgrund der von Booking.com einseitig gesetzten, sehr kurzen Frist tatsächlich zutrifft, kann dahingestellt bleiben.
Ausdrückliche Distanzierung von den Booking.com-AGB durch das Hotel notwendig
Die Akzeptanz einer wettbewerbsbeschränkenden Vereinbarung birgt allerdings erhebliche haftungsrechtliche Risiken für den Vertragspartner. Nach ständiger Rechtsprechung des Europäischen Gerichtshofs stellt bereits die stillschweigende Billigung oder bloße praktische Nichtanwendung einer wettbewerbsbeschränkenden Vereinbarung eine passive Form der Beteiligung an der Zuwiderhandlung dar (Dansk Rørindustri A/S u.a., EuGH 189/02 P, Aaalborg Portland A/S, EuGH C-204/00 P). Das bloße „Abwarten und Stillhalten“ von Hoteliers ist demnach keine rechtlich ratsame Alternative, denn sie ließe die Haftung unberührt. Eine Entlastung von der Verantwortung für die Teilnahme an einem Kartell kann nur durch ausdrückliche Distanzierung vom Inhalt der wettbewerbsbeschränkenden Vereinbarung erfolgen.
Wie sollten Hotels nun reagieren?
Hotels sollten den kartellrechtswidrigen Änderungen der AGB von Booking.com widersprechen. Zu diesem Zweck haben wir ein Musterschreiben erstellt (abrufbar hier).
Das Schreiben sollte noch heute vorab per E-Mail und/oder Fax und auf postalischem Wege an Booking.com gesendet werden.
Ebenso ist eine Anzeige der kartellrechtswidrigen Vereinbarung beim Bundeskartellamt ratsam. Wir empfehlen jedoch, das Schreiben nicht direkt an das Bundeskartellamt zu richten. Gern können Sie sich an Spirit Legal LLP wenden, wir würden die Beschwerden sammeln.
Was sind die Konsequenzen eines Widerspruchs gegen die AGB?
Viele Hoteliers befürchten eine Herabstufung oder gar Kündigung der Zusammenarbeit durch Booking.com, sofern sie die neuen AGB nicht akzeptieren. Eine solche Kündigung wäre jedoch gemäß §§ 19 ff. GWB unwirksam, da Booking.com damit kartellrechtswidrig seine Marktmacht missbrauchen würde. Daraus resultieren Schadensersatzansprüche des Hotels, zumal die Wettbewerbsbeschränkung dessen Interessen als Marktbeteiligten beeinträchtigt. Überdies setzt sich Booking.com durch kartellrechtswidrige Vereinbarungen auch einem erheblichen Bußgeldrisiko aus. Dass das Unternehmen ein solches Risiko in Kauf nehmen würde, auch angesichts der laufenden Ermittlungen durch das Bundeskartellamt, darf allerdings bezweifelt werden.
Booking.com imposes its own rules for online distribution across Europe
Brussels, 30 June 2015 – Last week Booking.com informed its hotel partners across Europe via e-mail that it would maintain rate and conditions parity with respect to the hotel websites, despite having already received a clear warning in Germany that parity clauses are anticompetitive and despite the recent developments in France setting the basis for a complete ban of price parity clauses by law. The new terms of Booking.com come into force on 1 July 2015 unless the hotel opposes to them.
As expressed by the European hotel industry at several previous occasions, this step of the rolling out of the conditions similar to as agreed with the French, Italian and Swedish competition authorities (and which are appealed at the court already) does not provide for a solution in restoring the entrepreneurial freedom of hoteliers of setting prices and conditions freely. With the current move, Booking.com rather (mis)uses its market power to set the conditions on the market and to hold back or at least to put an additional hurdle to competition authorities across Europe to exercise an in-depth investigation of parity clauses applied.
Moreover, the new conditions, as sent to hoteliers in Europe, differ from those commitments accepted by the 3 competition authorities (being still subject to appeals), as these conditions do not explicitly cover ‘Availability parity’ as in the ‘formal’ commitments.
To the authorities of these three countries, Booking.com has committed itself "to not enter into or enforce obligations that require accommodations to offer the same or a greater number of rooms, of any type, on Booking.com as those offered on any other OTA, or as is reserved for the accommodation itself.” (paragraph 2.1).
However, in the new terms and conditions Booking.com sets forth: „Accommodation agrees to give at all times (subject to availability) some availability for all rooms and room types and is encouraged to provide Booking.com with fair access to all rooms and room types (including various applicable policies and restrictions) and rates available during the term of the Agreement (during periods of low and high demand (including during fairs, congresses and special events)).”
Furthermore, the new clauses also do not refer to the equivalent measures as agreed with the 3 competition authorities.
"It is not to one and only internet giant to impose its own rules to the market, which are already being considered anti-competitive at least in one European country. The European hotel industry hopes that, similarly to Germany, most countries’ authorities would still exercise in-depth investigations into the anti-competitive nature of any type of parity clauses applied in contracts between hotels and OTAs, as these new conditions are still regarded anti-competitive by the European hotel industry as well” commented the new situation Christian de Barrin, CEO of HOTREC.
In today’s meeting the distribution experts of the HOTREC National Associations agreed to continue their work towards restoring the possibility for hoteliers to provide directly the rates and conditions to their clients as they would like to, be it on 20th century (offline) or 21st century (online) channels.
What is HOTREC?
HOTREC represents the hotel, restaurant and café industry at European level. This industry includes around 1,8 million businesses, of which 99% are small and medium sized enterprises (91% of them micro enterprises, i.e. employing fewer than 10 people). These businesses make up some 59% of industry value added. The hospitality industry provides some 10.2 million jobs in the EU alone. Together with the other tourism industries, the sector is one of the largest industries in Europe. HOTREC brings together 42 national associations representing the sector in 28 different European countries.
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HOTREC Europe Press Release
Booking.com imposes its own rules for online distribution across Europe
Brussels, 30 June 2015 – Last week Booking.com informed its hotel partners across Europe via e-mail that it would maintain rate and conditions parity with respect to the hotel websites, despite having already received a clear warning in Germany that parity clauses are anticompetitive and despite the recent developments in France setting the basis for a complete ban of price parity clauses by law. The new terms of Booking.com come into force on 1 July 2015 unless the hotel opposes to them.
As expressed by the European hotel industry at several previous occasions, this step of the rolling out of the conditions similar to as agreed with the French, Italian and Swedish competition authorities (and which are appealed at the court already) does not provide for a solution in restoring the entrepreneurial freedom of hoteliers of setting prices and conditions freely. With the current move, Booking.com rather (mis)uses its market power to set the conditions on the market and to hold back or at least to put an additional hurdle to competition authorities across Europe to exercise an in-depth investigation of parity clauses applied.
Moreover, the new conditions, as sent to hoteliers in Europe, differ from those commitments accepted by the 3 competition authorities (being still subject to appeals), as these conditions do not explicitly cover ‘Availability parity’ as in the ‘formal’ commitments.
To the authorities of these three countries, Booking.com has committed itself "to not enter into or enforce obligations that require accommodations to offer the same or a greater number of rooms, of any type, on Booking.com as those offered on any other OTA, or as is reserved for the accommodation itself.” (paragraph 2.1).
However, in the new terms and conditions Booking.com sets forth: „Accommodation agrees to give at all times (subject to availability) some availability for all rooms and room types and is encouraged to provide Booking.com with fair access to all rooms and room types (including various applicable policies and restrictions) and rates available during the term of the Agreement (during periods of low and high demand (including during fairs, congresses and special events)).”
Furthermore, the new clauses also do not refer to the equivalent measures as agreed with the 3 competition authorities.
"It is not to one and only internet giant to impose its own rules to the market, which are already being considered anti-competitive at least in one European country. The European hotel industry hopes that, similarly to Germany, most countries’ authorities would still exercise in-depth investigations into the anti-competitive nature of any type of parity clauses applied in contracts between hotels and OTAs, as these new conditions are still regarded anti-competitive by the European hotel industry as well” commented the new situation Christian de Barrin, CEO of HOTREC.
In today’s meeting the distribution experts of the HOTREC National Associations agreed to continue their work towards restoring the possibility for hoteliers to provide directly the rates and conditions to their clients as they would like to, be it on 20th century (offline) or 21st century (online) channels.
What is HOTREC?
HOTREC represents the hotel, restaurant and café industry at European level. This industry includes around 1,8 million businesses, of which 99% are small and medium sized enterprises (91% of them micro enterprises, i.e. employing fewer than 10 people). These businesses make up some 59% of industry value added. The hospitality industry provides some 10.2 million jobs in the EU alone. Together with the other tourism industries, the sector is one of the largest industries in Europe. HOTREC brings together 42 national associations representing the sector in 28 different European countries.